Located in the heart of Great Britain, England is a country with a rich history, dynamic culture and unique tourist attractions in Northwest Europe. Green plains and gentle hills, lively cities and magnificent palaces, all of them are the things that make this land more beautiful. This country has played an important role in world history with a long history in various fields including politics, science, literature and art. From the ancient Roman era to the industrial revolution and the present day, England has always been at the forefront of global developments. According to the policies adopted by the government of this country, England is not a member of the European Union and the Schengen Agreement and has a lot of control over its borders.
Today, in this article, we are going to introduce and review England. Follow us to the end.
England, The Old Lady of Europe
England as the center of the Kingdom of Great Britain is located in northwest Europe. In other words, England is known as the most important, most populous and largest country in the British peninsula, whose capital, the beautiful city of London, is one of the largest and most important cities in Europe. England, unlike many European countries, is not a member of the European Union and also not a member of the Schengen Agreement. It is worth noting that other countries of the British peninsula also follow England. The area of this country is 130,395 square kilometers and its population is estimated to be more than 56 million people until the last census in 2023. The common currency in England and other countries of the British peninsula is the pound sterling, which is different from the currency of the EU member states.
Also, the type of government in this country is in the form of a monarchy, and today King Charles III is in power. The introduction of the old lady of Europe does not end here. Stay with us so that we can provide you with more complete information about this country.
History of England
The history of England is an epic and complex story that goes back thousands of years. This land has seen many ups and downs, including invasions, bloody battles, political ups and downs, cultural innovations and social developments. Join us to have a brief overview of the history of this country.
Pre-Roman era
Hunter-gatherers: Evidence suggests that humans settled in England around 12,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age. These early inhabitants were hunter-gatherers and lived in caves and rock shelters.
Agriculture: About 6,000 years ago, agriculture came to England and this led to major changes in the way people lived. Settled communities were united, villages and towns were formed, and trade flourished.
Celts: Around 400 BC, the Celts, a group of people who lived throughout Western Europe, migrated to England. They introduced their own culture and language, which greatly influenced the previous inhabitants.
Conquest of Rome
Julius Caesar’s Invasion: In 55 BC, Julius Caesar, the famous Roman leader, launched the first recorded invasion of England. Although he did not completely conquer the island, he paved the way for Roman domination in 43 AD.
Roman rule: For four centuries, the Romans ruled England. They built new roads, cities and buildings and also introduced their own language, laws and customs.
Fall of Rome: In the 5th century AD, the Roman Empire began to decline and the Romans were forced to withdraw from England. This led to a period of instability and unrest.
Anglo-Saxons and Vikings
Migration of Anglo-Saxons: In the fifth century, Germanic tribes called Anglo-Saxons migrated from Northern Europe to England. They gradually dominated the land and established numerous kingdoms.
Viking Invasion: In the late 8th century, Vikings, Scandinavian seafarers and warriors, began to invade England. They sacked cities, burned monasteries, and fought Anglo-Saxon kings.
Unification of England: In 1066, William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, conquered England and established a new line of kings. This event is recognized as a turning point in English history and is often considered the beginning of the English Middle Ages.
Medieval
Norman government: The Normans established a strong and centralized government in England. They built new castles and churches and introduced the feudal system.
Magna Carta: In 1215, King John the Landless was forced to sign the Magna Carta, which granted certain rights and liberties to barons and commoners. This document is known as one of the most important documents in the history of the British Constitution.
The Black Plague and the Hundred Years’ War: In the middle of the 14th century, the Black Plague swept England and killed millions of people. This disaster had a deep impact on the country’s society and economy. Between the years 1337 and 1453, England and France went to war over the control of each other’s lands, which resulted in the bloodshed of countless people of that time.
Tudor era
Tudor peace and stability: The Tudor era (1485 to 1603) was a time of relative peace and stability for England. During this period, the economy flourished, culture flourished, and England became a world power.
Separation of England from the Catholic Church: During the reign of Henry VIII, England separated from the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England, which is known as one of the most important events in the history of England.
The Golden Age of England: The reign of Queen Elizabeth I is known as the golden age in the history of England, in which England witnessed a lot of literary, artistic and military prosperity that made it one of the best countries without a rival in the world.
The Stuart Dynasty and the Civil Wars
James I and political tensions: After the death of Elizabeth in 1603, James I, King of Scotland, ascended the throne of England. He was the first king of the Stuart dynasty. But the reign of the Stuarts was accompanied by intense religious and political tensions, and there were many disputes between the kings and parliament about power.
Civil Wars: In 1642, England was divided into two fronts and the Civil Wars began. Eventually, supporters of Parliament, known as Parliamentarians, defeated the monarchy and made England a republic in 1649.
Republic and the return of the monarchy
Glorious Revolution: In 1688, the Glorious Revolution took place, which led to the overthrow of the Catholic King James II and the accession of William III and his wife Mary, both Protestants. This event is known as a turning point in the history of the English constitution and laid the foundations of the constitutional monarchy.
England in modern times
Union of England and Scotland: In 1707, England and Scotland became a single kingdom by signing the Treaty of Union, an event known as the creation of Great Britain.
The British Empire and the Industrial Revolution: In the 18th century, England was the origin of the Industrial Revolution, which led to huge changes in the fields of production, transportation and society. Following that, in the 19th century, Britain became the most powerful empire in the world and its colonies spread across the globe.
Modern Britain: The 20th century saw two world wars, the Great Depression, and major social and political changes in England, but today, England is a developed country with a strong economy and rich culture. Today, this country is a member of NATO and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.
Geography of England
England, located in the northwest of the European continent and the northern hemisphere, with an area of 244,046 square kilometers, is known as the 74th largest country in the world. This country is connected to the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea from the east, the English Sea from the south, which separates it from France, and the Irish Sea from the west. Also, this country sees Scotland in its northern borders and Wales in its western borders. England has many natural resources, including oil, natural gas, coal and iron ore, as well as fertile agricultural land and rich marine resources. West coast and east coast in England, with beautiful cliffs, pleasant weather and clean environment, has become a suitable destination for tourists.
The weather in England
England is a country with a temperate and humid climate that sees rain evenly throughout the year. However, due to geographical diversity, the weather in different regions of this country can be somewhat different. Next, we will examine the weather of the eastern, western, northern and southern parts of England. Stay with us.
Eastern England, which includes the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire, has a temperate and humid climate. In these regions, winters are short and mild and summers are cool and pleasant, and we see less rainfall than other regions.
In the west of England, the climate is moderate and humid. The west of England has mild winters and cooler summers, but it is worth noting that we see more rainfall than the eastern regions. The cities of Bristol, Cardiff and Swansea are among the most important cities in the western regions of England.
But in the north of England, the situation is slightly different. The climate of this mountainous region is cold and long winters and short and cool summers in the north of England. The amount of precipitation in this area is higher than in other parts of England, and snowfall is a common phenomenon, especially in the highlands. Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool and Newcastle are located in the north of England.
But let’s introduce the climate of southern England, which is the most tourist-friendly place in this country. The south of England includes the states of London, Sussex, Hampshire, Dorset, Kent, Surrey and Berkshire, which have a moderate and humid climate. In these areas, there is more sunshine, less rain and milder winters and summers.
The most important cities in England
London
London is the capital of England and one of the largest cities in Europe where history and modernity can be seen side by side. This huge metropolis, located by the Thames River, attracts millions of tourists from all over the world every year with its unique attractions. The city of London is the most advanced and the most important city in the UK in terms of politics, tourism, economy and business, for this reason, most people who immigrate to England for the purpose of work choose the city of London to live. This is the reason why London ranks 26th among the top 300 cities in the world in terms of economy. According to official statistics, the population of London is around 10 million people, which makes it one of the busiest cities in Europe.
Buckingham Palace, Big Ben, Tower Bridge and Windsor Castle are just some of the attractions of London. In general, London is a city for all tastes. From history and culture enthusiasts to shopping and entertainment lovers, everyone can find a reason to visit this city. It should be noted that the best time to travel to London is during the spring and summer seasons, when we see moderate and excellent weather in this city.
Manchester
Manchester is a large and dynamic city in the northwest of England with a population of over 600,000 people, which shines as a beating heart in the history and culture of this country. Once known as the center of the world’s textile industry, this city still evokes the memories of that era among its industrial buildings, warehouses and canals. But Manchester is not limited to its past, but with the expansion of infrastructure, it is trying to become one of the best cities in the world. With museums and art galleries such as the Science and Technology Museum and the Manchester Museum, Manchester is a paradise for history and culture enthusiasts. Manchester is the home of two giants of world football, Manchester United and Manchester City, whose fans’ enthusiasm creates an indescribable commotion.
The city also hosts many events and festivals throughout the year, including Manchester International Festival and Summercase Music Festival. In addition to all that has been said, a trip to Manchester is possible in all seasons due to its pleasant weather.
Birmingham
Birmingham is the second most populous city located in the western half of the Midlands in England, with a population of over 1,200,000 people living in this city. The presence of this population in this city has made Birmingham known as the second most crowded city in Britain (after London). It is interesting to know that the water canals in this city are even more than the city of Venice in Italy, which has become one of the reasons for the popularity of Birmingham among people, especially tourists. The city of Birmingham has many natural landscapes that are home to many animal species. The existence of these things together has caused Birmingham to become one of the tourist hubs of England and many people travel to this city every year.
Liverpool
Liverpool is a port city in the north-west of England located in the Merseyside region, which was originally a small village, but from the end of the 19th century it became one of the largest and most important cities in England. The population of this city is about 3 million people, which makes it one of the busiest cities in the UK. Among the other important features of the city of Liverpool is the holding of the biggest annual horse riding competition in the world called “Grand National” and also hosting Liverpool and Everton football clubs. The city has 2,500 buildings and old buildings with ancient architecture that attract many people to visit and made Liverpool known as the cultural capital of Europe in 2008.
It is worth noting that the port of Liverpool is also known as the economic hub of England. The presence of numerous docks and warehouses in this city has caused many people to immigrate to Liverpool for work.
Bristol
Bristol is a modern city in the southeast of England, which today has become one of the economic poles in England. Since long ago, the shipbuilding industry has been very popular in this city, and even today, this industry is one of the main sources of income for the people of this city. Are. In addition, Bristol is a suitable destination for professionals and start-up businesses where the latest technologies can be developed. But apart from the economy of Bristol, this city also has a wonderful nature and a strong vegetation is located around the city of Bristol, which has made it a suitable destination for nature tourists.
Mythology of English history
England, as one of the oldest countries in the world, has seen many legends. In this part, we are going to introduce 5 of the top legends of this country. Stay with us.
Isaac Newton
Undoubtedly, Isaac Newton can be considered the best legend in the history of this country. A scientist who made many discoveries in mathematics and physics with his genius and was able to provide many services to humanity. Among these discoveries, we can mention the discovery of the law of gravity.
William Shakespeare
The famous English playwright who is known as the greatest writer of the English language. Some people consider him an extraordinary poet. His plays have been translated into every living language and are performed far more than the works of other playwrights.
King Arthur
King Arthur was the legendary British leader who, according to medieval chronicles and legends, defended Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries AD. The legendary British king led the Knights of the Round Table and is a legendary hero for the English.
Queen Boudica
In 60 AD, Boudicca was the commander of one of the Celt tribes called Ai Cini. After the death of her husband Heber, she became the Ai-Sini tribe and when the rulers of Rome in Britain tried to take over her power, she rebelled with her tribe and managed to kill more than 70 thousand Romans, but in the end she was defeated by a bigger army. He ate and committed suicide with poison.
England tourist attractions
As an ancient land in Northern Europe, England has many historical and natural attractions. In this section, we are going to examine some of them. Stay with us.
Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace, the official residence of the British Queen, is located in the heart of the city of London and is a symbol of the splendor of the monarchy of this country. With 775 rooms, 52 state bedrooms, 188 offices, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms, this huge palace is the largest residential palace in the world. Buckingham Palace was built in the 17th century. Originally, the palace was built as a residence for the Duke of Buckingham, but in 1762, it was purchased by the then King George III and turned into an official royal residence. Of course, Buckingham Palace is not only a place for the Queen to live, but also the venue for many important royal and state events.
Farewell and welcoming ceremonies for foreign guests, official banquets, ceremonies for awarding the national badge and the royal guard, are just a few of these events. People who plan to visit this palace can visit special parts of Buckingham Palace such as the State Rooms, Photo Gallery and Royal Gardens only during certain periods of the year. Also, in the summer season, the changing of the royal guard ceremony is held in front of the palace gates, which is one of the popular tourist attractions of London.
Big Ben
The Big Ben clock tower, officially called the Elizabeth Tower, is one of the most famous symbols of London and England. Located at the north end of the Palace of Westminster, this tower, with its majesty, guards the clock above the city, whose bells echo in every corner of London. The construction of Big Ben was completed in 1859 and since then, it has witnessed important events in the history of England. From world wars to royal celebrations, Big Ben has always been at the heart of these events and has become a part of England’s identity. The neo-gothic design of this tower, with its unique elegance and beauty, attracts many tourists every year. The sound of Big Ben’s bells, which are heard every 15 minutes, can be heard in many parts of the city of London.
It is worth noting that Big Ben fell silent for a long time due to the need for major repairs in 2017, but this silence was temporary and with the completion of repairs in 2022, this iconic tower will once again ring its bells. .
Brighton Palace Pier
Brighton Palace Pier, located in the southeast of England in the coastal city of Brighton, is one of the country’s most famous tourist attractions. This wharf, which was built in 1889, has given a special effect to the environment with its Victorian architecture. Note that Brighton Palace Pier is not just an ordinary pier, but a world of fun and entertainment. From merry-go-rounds and roller coasters to restaurants, cafes, shops and arcades, there is something for every taste in this pier. In addition, Brighton Palace Pier is an ideal place to stroll along the beach, watch the sunrise and sunset, and enjoy the cool sea breeze. During the summer, numerous concerts and festivals are held on this pier, which gives it a special vitality.
St. Paul's Cathedral
But in the meantime, it is not bad to take a look at one of the popular religious centers in England. Saint Paul’s Cathedral is located in London, the capital of England, and dates back to the 17th and 18th centuries. This church was built in the Renaissance architectural style and its height is more than 110 meters. It is interesting to know that this church was built as a replacement for another church that was destroyed by fire in the 11th century. Today, this historical building has become one of the most popular tourist attractions in England.
London Eye
The London Eye, which is the famous carousel of London, is located by the Thames River and is known as one of the main symbols of this city. Opened in 2000, this giant carousel was the tallest carousel in Europe at the time, at 135 meters. But the London Eye has 32 spherical cabins that can accommodate up to 25 people each. The full rotation of this carousel takes about 30 minutes, and during this time, a unique view of the city of London will appear in front of you, and you can see many famous attractions of the city, such as Buckingham Palace, Big Ben, Tower Bridge and the River Thames.
The best universities in England
But the education system of England is one of the best education systems in the world, which is why we write some of the top universities in the world that are in the top ranks in front of the name of the country of England. In this part of the article, we are going to introduce the best universities in England. Stay with us.
Oxford University
First, let’s introduce one of the best universities in the world, Oxford University. Oxford University is located in the city of Oxford and today it is known as the third best university in the world according to the QS ranking. This university has 38 independent colleges and 6 complete private campuses in which many research activities take place. The date of establishment of this university is still unknown, but according to research, teaching was done in this university in 1096 AD. It is interesting to know that this university has the largest library in the UK and there are also many museums and art and historical galleries in this university that the public can visit.
In this university, various disciplines are taught, including medical sciences, chemistry, mathematics, physics, language, computer science, management, law, etc.
Cambridge University
Cambridge University is the second oldest university in England. This university was founded in 1209 AD in the city of Cambridge and today it is active as the second best university in the world from the point of view of the QS Institute. The educational and post-graduation programs that this university considers for the employment and expertise of its students are known as one of the programs that all universities in the world compile for their students. One of the main honors of this educational institution is that its students have won the Nobel Prize 89 times. Today, the number of students of this university reaches more than 25 thousand people who are studying in fields such as medicine, pharmacy, law, history and modern languages, geography, philosophy, mathematics and physics, management, computer science, etc.
Imperial College London
If we look at the list of the top universities in the world, we see the names of English universities many times. Another top university in England is the Imperial College London University in the city of London, which today is known as the sixth best university in the world. This university was established on July 8, 1907 in the city of London and has provided a high level of education since that date. Imperial College London University has been able to gain a lot of reputation and credibility due to the advanced educational and research programs it offers in the field of medical science, computer science and other engineering fields. Extensive research conducted by students in this educational center has caused 14 Nobel Prizes and 81 medical science awards to be assigned to the students of this university.
The Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Engineering and the Faculty of Natural Sciences are among the main faculties and departments of Imperial College London, which offer fields such as medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, infectious diseases, chemistry, mathematics and physics, etc.
UCL University of London
Another one of the most important, largest and best universities in the world, which is located in England and the city of London, is the UCL University of London or the World University of London. The history of this university goes back to 1826 and in the dream city of London. Today, this university is known as one of the busiest universities in Europe with more than 40,000 students, half of whom are from other nationalities. According to QS ranking, this university is the ninth best university in the world. It is interesting to know that Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital, Royal Ferry Hospital and Moorefield Eye Hospital are among the most famous hospitals with which the research and teaching activities of the World University of London take place. The fields of medicine, science, law and engineering are among the most popular fields of study in this university.
Sightseeing festivals in England
Due to its rich culture and ancient history, the country of England is full of various events and incidents that today have made people hold special celebrations, festivals and ceremonies. Stay with us as we continue to review some of them.
Brighton Festival
The Brighton Festival was first established in 1994 as an alternative to Christmas and to escape the commercial excesses of the celebration. People who participate in this festival welcome light and happiness by making their own handmade lanterns. Another activity that is done in this celebration is the burning of clocks by the people, which is a symbol of throwing away the past and welcoming a new beginning. This ceremony is held every year in May, and during its celebration, people dance and rejoice in addition to the aforementioned customs.
Manchester Food and Drink Festival
Another one of the most popular festivals in England is the Manchester Food and Drink Festival, which is held every year in August. At first, this festival was held only in the city of Manchester, but nowadays people celebrate it in all the cities of England. During this festival, which usually lasts one day and night, people gather together in gardens or churches or on beaches and enjoy dancing and live music along with eating and drinking their favorite foods.
Guy Fawkes London Night Festival
But let’s introduce one of the British festivals that has historical roots. London’s Guy Fawkes Night Festival commemorates the defeat of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605. The Gunpowder Plot was aimed at exploding the House of Parliament and killing King James I, which failed, and for this reason, the British people hold this festival every year on November 5th to commemorate that historical event. During the London Guy Fawkes Festival, people gather in the streets of London for spectacular fireworks displays and passionate parades, and to set fire to the statue of Guy Fawkes, an iconic figure in the celebration.
England economy
The UK economy, the fifth largest in the world, is built on diversity and innovation. With a long history of trade and reliance on various sectors including financial services, manufacturing, retail and tourism, the country plays an important role in the global economy. Services are the beating heart of the UK economy and account for around 80% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). This sector includes activities such as finance, insurance, real estate, transportation, communication, public and professional services. London, as the world center of finance, plays an important role in this sector. In addition to all the things that have been said, England is also famous in various productions, including automobile production, drug production, textile industry, food industry, and aerospace. Jaguar, Rolls-Royce, Lotus and Aston Martin are among the top car companies in the UK.
At the end of this section, it should be mentioned that today England is facing a shortage of young labor and this issue has become a serious challenge in the economy of this country. For this reason, people who intend to be in the world of new job opportunities can choose England.
Benefits of staying in the England
- High quality of life
- Proper health and treatment
- high security
- Strong training
- cultural diversity
Ways to obtain England residency
Investing in the UK can lead to permanent residency for you and your family. There are different ways to invest in the UK. Among these methods, we can mention buying property, buying government bonds, investing in English companies and starting a business in England. The amount of this investment can be different in each country. In England, usually with an investment of around two million pounds, you can get a British residence and golden visa.
If you have the skills needed in the UK, you can apply for a work visa. There are different types of work visas. General work visa (Skilled Worker visa), commercial work visa (Intra-company visa) and startup work visa (Innovator visa) are among the ways to get UK work visa. Usually, in many European countries, a foreign citizen can apply for permanent residence after about 4 or 5 years of continuous work.
If you plan to study in England, you can apply for a study visa. After graduation, you can apply for a work visa or job search visa. Note that your studies in this country must be in reputable institutions approved by the government of this country.
Marrying a British citizen or a resident of this country is one of the easiest ways to immigrate to England. In this way, your spouse can claim to be your sponsor and then you will be able to obtain UK residency. Note that at least 5 years must pass after the life of this marriage for the government of the destination country to be satisfied with offering you permanent residence.
England Golden Visa
Getting the golden visa of advanced and successful countries can be a good thing for everyone. This is especially important for people with financial resources and investors. The UK Golden Visa is a special program for investors to get a golden visa by importing their capital to this country. Of course, these people must have the basic conditions to be able to meet the expectations of the British authorities. The most important condition for investing and receiving a golden British visa is to have at least two million pounds in a bank account. Also, people must prove that they have special plans for this capital and get this plan approved by the British authorities. In addition to all this, mastering the English language can also be a positive point for applicants.
The main activity of Nobility Immigration Institute is consulting on obtaining visa for Europe through investment. If you intend to invest in the powerful country of England and receive its golden visa, you can use the expertise and experience of our consultants and experts. Just call us.
We knew that England is known as one of the best countries in the world in terms of education, health and treatment, economy and tourism. This old country in the northwest of Europe, with the policies it has been able to create many job opportunities and bring young labor into its country. Thank you for joining us in this article. As you have seen, in this article, we introduced and reviewed England in full. We hope that the information presented in this article was useful for you. Nobility Immigration Institute specializes in consulting for obtaining residence in Europe through investment. You can contact us for more information and free consultation.